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The "Chongqing model" refers to a series of social and economic policies adopted in the Chinese megalopolis of Chongqing. It is most closely associated with Bo Xilai, who served as the city's Communist Party secretary from 2007 to 2012, though some policies were put in place by Bo's predecessors. The Chongqing model was characterized in part by increased state control and the promotion of a neo-leftist ideology. It involved a sweeping and sometimes extrajudicial campaign against organized crime, and increased the security and police presence in the city. As a means of addressing declining public morality, Bo launched a "red culture" movement to promote Maoist-era socialist ethics. On the economic front, he actively courted foreign investment and focused on manufacturing for domestic consumption. The Chongqing model was also characterized by massive public works programs, subsidized housing for the poor, and social policies intended to make it easier for rural citizens to move to the city. The Chongqing model represented an alternative model of development which diverged from the policies favored by the reformist faction led by Party general secretary Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao. When Bo Xilai was removed from his posts in the spring of 2012, authorities began a campaign to reverse several of the policies that characterized the Chongqing model, including by cracking down on expressions of "red culture". Individuals, who believed they had been wrongly persecuted under the anti-corruption campaign, also began seeking legal redress. ==Background== Bo Xilai, son of Communist Party icon Bo Yibo, was assigned as Communist Party secretary for Chongqing during the 17th Party Congress in October 2007. His predecessor, Wang Yang, was reassigned to helm the Communist Party in Guangdong province. At the time, Chongqing was reeling from problems such as air and water pollution, unemployment, poor public health, and complications from the Three Gorges Dam.〔U.S. consulate in Shanghai, ("07SHANGHAI771, EAST CHINA CONTACTS ON LEADERSHIP CHANGES” ). Wikileaks, 4 December 2007.〕 Prior to the appointment, Bo had served as Minister of Commerce. Bo was initially reluctant to assume the Chongqing post, which was widely viewed as a demotion; he had hoped to become vice-premier instead. Although Bo was initially unhappy about his reassignment as Communist Party secretary in Chongqing, he soon resolved to use his new position as a staging ground for a return to higher national office.〔Karson Yiu and Enjoli Frances, (The Mysterious Saga of China’s Bo Xilai ), ABC News, 19 April 2012.〕 Bo made no secret of his desire to enter the nine-member Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) during the 18th Party Congress in autumn 2012,〔 when seven of the nine members of the PSC—including General Secretary Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao—were expected to retire.〔Ewing, Kent. (2010, 19 March). "(Bo Xilai: China's Brash Populist )". ''Asia Times''. Retrieved on 16 June 2011.〕 The transition would be an opportunity for the ambitious Bo to join the highest echelon of national leadership, likely as a replacement for ally Zhou Yongkang, head of the party's security apparatus.〔〔The Economist, (China's new leaders: the princelings are coming ), 23 June 2011.〕 Bo used his leadership of Chongqing to pioneer the "Chongqing Model"—a systematic set of social and economic policies intended to address diverse challenges facing modern China.〔Ian Johnson, (China’s Falling Star ), New York Review of Books, 19 March 2012.〕 The Chongqing model represented a rebuke of the policies favored by the reformist faction dominated by Wen Jiabao and Hu Jintao.〔 It is also frequently contrasted with the Guangdong model championed by Bo's predecessor and political opponent Wang Yang. Whereas the Chongqing model placed emphasized the role of the state in economic and social life, the Guangdong model is characterized by comparatively liberal economic and political policies.〔The Economist, (The Guangdong model: One Chinese province adopts a beguilingly open approach—up to a point ), 26 November 2011.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chongqing model」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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